小组参与式教学在水产动物营养与饲料学中的探索与实践

为提高学生在教学过程中的参与度,培养学生自主学习与相互协作的能力,提出了以小组为单位参与水产动物营养与饲料学课堂教学的详细方案,制定了相应的考核评价体系。教学实践证明,这一方法对于提高学生学习的主动性、积极性,培养学生独立思考、自主解决问题的能力及团队合作精神是确实有效的。分析了应用中存在的一些问题,并提出了进一步改进完善的措施。     

Effects of forage type and gibberellic acid on nitrate leaching losses

Nitrogen (N) leaching from soil into water is a significant concern for intensively grazed forage‐based systems because it can cause a decline in water quality and is a risk to human health. Urine patches from grazing animals are the main source of this N. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect that forage type and gibberellic acid (GA) application had on N leaching and herbage N uptake from urine patches on perennial ryegrass–white clover (RGWC), Italian ryegrass and lucerne. A lysimeter study was conducted over 17 months to measure herbage growth, N uptake and N loss to water beneath each of the three forage types with the following treatments: control, urine (700 kg N/ha) and urine with GA (8 g GA active ingredient/ha). Compared with RGWC (205 kg N/ha), N leaching losses were 35.3% lower from Italian ryegrass (133 kg N/ha) and 98.5% higher from lucerne (407 kg N/ha). These differences in leaching loss are likely to be due to winter plant growth and N uptake. During the winter months, Italian ryegrass had higher N uptake, whereas lucerne had lower N uptake, compared with RGWC. The application of GA had no effect on N leaching losses, DM yield or N uptake of forage treated with 700 kg N/ha urine.     

猪的福利与放牧养猪

通过对动物福利的概况阐述,分析了我国猪饲养环境中存在的动物福利问题以及放牧养猪对猪只福利的影响,提出了发展放牧养猪的思路。     

补光对兰云杉和红皮云杉生长的影响

云杉苗期生长缓慢是生产中的主要问题,补光可促进苗木生长,缩短育苗周期,提高育苗效率.研究不同光源(阳光灯、镝灯、碘钨灯)、不同光照时间对兰云杉和红皮云杉1年生苗苗高、地径、侧枝数、根系、生物量等生长性状的影响,结果表明:光照处理可以抑制苗木休眠,促进其持续生长,对2种云杉的各生长指标均有显著的促进作用；不同光源、不同光...     

L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

松针粉的研究及应用进展

松针粉富含多种营养成分,并且具有一定的药用价值。文章对我国松针的资源概况、松针粉的营养价值、药效及在生产上的应用情况进行概述,并对松针粉未来的研究方向进行展望。     

封面封底

线粒体是一种广泛存在于真核细胞并为机体提供能量的细胞器,其自噬对于清除功能障碍的线粒体,维持线粒体的动态平衡和细胞稳态具有重要意义。近年来,线粒体自噬对雌性动物生殖的影响愈发受到关注。本文在线粒体自噬生理功能基础上,从雌性动物主要生殖器官与组织、卵母细胞、颗粒细胞及胚胎等方面综述了线粒体自噬对雌性动物生殖功能的影响。     

抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术

抗球虫药物在畜禽业应用广泛,可预防治疗球虫病,提高家禽饲料转化率,提升肉品质。但是,随即会出现饲料交叉污染,对非目标动物产生毒性作用,动物性食品中药物残留超标等问题。因此,建立简便、快速、灵敏度高的检测方法检测动物源性食品中的抗球虫药物残留极为重要。基于抗原-抗体特异性结合原理的免疫分析检测技术能够完成快速检测,高通量筛选,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、成本低的优点。本文综述了不同基质中抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术进展,重点介绍了酶联免疫吸附检测法、免疫层析法、荧光偏振免疫分析检测法、时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测法和生物传感器检测法。并对免疫检测技术在残留检测方面的发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为抗球虫药物的残留监控提供方法学上的参考,为新方法的建立提供思路。     

Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.